Definition and importance of Tafsir Difference between Tafsir, Ta'wil, and Tarjama (translation) History of Tafsir: From the Prophet (ﷺ) to contemporary scholars Types of Tafsir: Tafsir bil-Ma'thur (Narrated Tafsir: Quran, Hadith, Sahabah, Tabi’un) Tafsir bil-Ra'y (Opinion-based Tafsir, with conditions) Tafsir al-Ishari (Symbolic/Sufi Tafsir) Principles of authentic Tafsir Famous Mufassirun (Exegetes) and their works

Revelation (Wahy): Types and stages Compilation of the Quran Makki vs. Madani Surahs Asbab al-Nuzul (Occasions of Revelation) Muhkam and Mutashabih (Clear & Ambiguous verses) Nasikh wa Mansukh (Abrogation) Qira’at (Recitation styles) and their impact on Tafsir I’jaz al-Quran (Inimitability of the Quran)

Step-by-step approach to interpreting the Quran: Linguistic analysis (Arabic grammar, balagha) Context (historical, thematic) Cross-referencing related verses (Tafsir al-Quran bil-Quran) Reliance on authentic Hadith Views of Sahabah and early scholars Avoiding personal bias and extremism in interpretation Modern approaches to Tafsir (Thematic, Scientific, etc.)

Classical Tafsirs: Tafsir al-Tabari (Jami' al-Bayan) – Most comprehensive early Tafsir Tafsir Ibn Kathir – Based on Hadith and narrations Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran) – Focus on Fiqh rulings Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma’alim al-Tanzil) – Concise and reliable Tafsir al-Zamakhshari (Al-Kashshaf) – Linguistic focus (Mu’tazili influence) Modern Tafsirs: Fi Zilal al-Quran (Sayyid Qutb) Tafsir al-Maraghi (Simplified language) Tafhim al-Quran (Maududi) Comparative Analysis: Comparing different Mufassirun on key verses